The Butterfly Effect - How everything in the world is connected

Theory/Concept

The theory is about the effect of initial conditions and slight changes in initial conditions that lead to greater impact in a large worldly scenario. In a layman's language, even the flapping of butterfly wings in a remote forest could have an effect on larger things such as a tornado.

The Men Behind:

• Edward Lorenz - mathematician and meteorologist
• Henri Poincare - mathematician and engineer
• Norbert Wiener - mathematician and philosopher

Pre-requisite to Understand:

NA

The Story of Origin:

In the year 1961, Lorenz was running a numerical computer model for weather prediction. He was using the computer LGP-30 for this purpose.

                                            Librascope General Precision computer- 1956 

Fun Fact:

LGP-30 computer was priced at 47000 $ (back in 1956)

In today's equivalent- ₹ 3.5 crores

Weight of the machine- 360 kgs

Weather prediction usually depends on the initial conditions are given as input which the computer models run considering different parameters to predict the most probable weather outcome for the upcoming week. It is the same as predicting how long a car would run by taking input as fuel level and road conditions.

Lorenz ran the computer model from somewhere in the middle as a shortcut to avoid re-run from the beginning as it used to take the computer a few hours to compute given the large meteorological data for weather prediction.

He faced the same issue that we usually face while solving JEE numerical. If we use 0.1 instead of 0.11 somewhere in the middle of the calculation, as we go on multiplying with larger numbers the result would be way different from what would have been when the actual value 0.11 is used.

For example:

0.1*1000 =  100

0.11*1000 = 110

here the difference from the actual expected output (110) is 110-100 = 10

But the problem arises when we go on multiplying larger numbers

0.1*10000000 = 10 lakh

0.11*10000000 = 11 lakh

the same values multiplied by a larger number have given a difference of 100000.

This is where Lorenz made mistake while taking a shortcut and running the model from the middle which contained 12 equations and 12 variables in total.

In our terms, he hardcoded input as 0.506 instead of the actual value of 0.506127. This was not a deliberate approach. As we could see the computer screen had no display screen, a printer was used to print the output. The printer was capable of taking up to 3 decimal places whereas the computer used 6 decimals. Edward took the printer output and considered it as an input for his re-run of the computer model.

He went for a cup of coffee and came back after a couple of hours to see that the results of the prediction is nowhere near to that of the previous run. He then checked the computer hardware if it's in good condition and re-ran the model multiple times to get different outcomes each time.

You might be surprised why is this observation so fascinating. We also know that a slight change in the initial condition could make a huge difference in the final outcome. If we hold the gun with infinite ire range and just change the barrel angle by 1 degree, it would fire the bullet to a location 1000s of km away from the actual target.

Lorenz observed the variations carefully noted every tiny aspect, the fluctuations, and the initial conditions. After 2 years, in 1963 he decided to publish this study in the paper called Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow.

The butterfly effect got its name from the references made by various researchers as an apt metaphor as they could not find a more suitable and understandable phrase for the work.

Why is it called Butterfly Effect?

Lorenz's studies showed that when two similar activities are under experiment and started at the same time with a slight difference in the input values, showed a larger difference as the graph progressed.

However, the basic curvature of the mapping remained the same and resembled a butterfly structure.

    

                                            Lorenz Attractor - curve (resembles a butterfly)

Fun Fact:

There have been 61 Hollywood movies so far having 'Butterfly effect' in their movie title.

Online Resources: Career/Education

 The Top 10 of Educational

Top 10 websites for your Career

1. Naukri
2. LinkedIn
3. Indeed
4. Monster
5. JobBait
6. CareerCloud
7. Dice
8. CareerBuilder
9. JibberJobber
10. Guide4info

Real Personal Horror Story

 

Disclaimer- This story is purely a personal experience and in any case is not intended to instill belief or encourage the fear of the existence of any unknown entity whatsoever. 

Spoiler alert- The below stories won't amaze you much. So have written the first two in detail and the rest short.

Scary Experience- 1/3

The Flying Spectacles

This happened when I was 7. We moved to a new rented house that used to be a storeroom for many years then. For the first few days, all went well. My usual routine is to come back home from school, eat little, watch TV and do assignments. Then again have dinner at 8 or 9 pm and watch TV again till 10 or 10:30 pm.

One day after coming back from school at 5 pm, there were not many assignments to do so I started watching TV. The TV was just a foot distance from the bed. It was a B&W TV of BPL makes. I used to watch very few TV programs like CID, Aahat, Titliyaan, etc. If there was no good program at any given time I tuned to movie channels like Sony max, and B4U that were popular then. 

Coming back to the story, I was watching TV and then felt bored so I rested a little and asked mom if the food is ready. She said, will be ready in 5 min. I knew that 5 minutes would extend to 30 minutes. I was bored so took out my little metal toy car and started playing. 

It was around 8 pm, I turned towards the kitchen to ask again to my mom. Since it was a single long room, I could see the kitchen area. As I turned I saw something unusual. There were spectacles in the air. It was not moving. It was still in the air. It was in the middle of the room at an adult man's height. The spectacle was something like the picture below. It was an old spectacle with a golden brownish frame and thick glasses. I went near to it, to say below it, and checked if some thread or steel wire is visible. I observed closely, but there was nothing. To confirm again I switched on the ceiling fan. It was not moving.  

I rushed to the bed and called mom to soon come near to me. I told her then that there is a spectacle hanging there. She said there's nothing. I was able to see it clearly. I took her to the spot and tried to show pointing towards it that there was actually a spectacle hanging above me. She said again there is nothing. I told her to raise her hand so that I could prove that she can touch it. She didn't and made excuses. My mom was thinking that I am not well. She checked if I had a fever. It was alright. She said me to go to sleep and told me to show the spectacles to dad after he comes home. 

I took out the kalnirnay Marathi calendar that was hanging on the wall, made a roll of it, and tried to hit that spectacle. I was too short then. After trying many times, I moved back and threw the calendar on the spectacles, and ran away to my bed out of fear without even seeing if it hit it. The calendar hit the tube light that was behind the spectacle at around the same level. My mom shouted at me and warned if I don't remain quiet now, I won't be getting food to eat. After all my plans failed with nothing much to do, I took the translucent shawl and checked if I can see it through the shawl. Yes, it was visible. Now my mom was sure that I was unwell. She switched off the stove and came near me to check again. I told her not to go back. Let dad come, we will show those specs to him. I fell asleep soon and when I woke up there was nothing. My dad also felt that there is something wrong with me. I didn't go to school the next day as my parents thought I should take a rest.

A few weeks passed, and I forgot that incident. On a particular night after midnight, someone knocked at our door twice. I came to know this when my parents asked about it to the house owner. After a few days, the same thing happened. I woke up this time as I was the first victim in the house. My dad asked who was that. No one replied. After 10 minutes again there was a knock. My dad angrily shouted at the person whoever it was. No response. Then nothing happened that night. On a random night, this thing happened again but at around 10 pm. This time it was louder. My dad opened the door to check as it was not late night and there were people around moving on the street. To our surprise there was no one, the gate was closed. We left that house within a month after this incident.

Scary Experience- 2/3

Ghost on the bicycle

It happened when I was in the 7th standard. My friends and I went to our friend's birthday party. As the majority of people worked for the Cement manufacturing company, they were provided free residential quarters. The colony where my friend lived was near to the hill. So it was far from other quarters. After the mini party, we were returning at 8 pm from his home. It was the month of November and the days were short. The time was 8 in the evening but it was pitch black. 

We were 4 friends on 3 bicycles riding our way home through the boulevard. The road was illuminated at several spots by the industrial street lights (the yellow lights). We started from there enjoying the sounds of the rustle of leaves as we were riding. Suddenly, while passing through the dark shadows of the trees, I felt as if someone jumped on my cycle and sat behind me, note that this part of the road was totally dark with no lights. As we were 4, I thought my friend who didn't bring his bicycle sat behind me. I insisted he switch the bicycle and made a typical excuse "Tyre me Hawa Kam hai". There was no response but he patted my back as a sign to ride fast, so I felt humiliated. I shouted at my other friend and told him why doesn't help him. To this, I heard "Mai toh iske piche hi baitha hu, tu kiski baat kr rha hai". Now I could figure out that he was really there. 

I could still feel the extra weight on my cycle as if some 60-70 kg bag is tied to it. I told them that I am unable to ride, please slow down. They were in a mood of racing, waited for a second or two, and told me "Agey aja milte hai turning pe". They were riding fast but I couldn't. I literally cried being on the empty remote road. Somehow I unmounted the bicycle and started to walk while steering it. At 50 feet distance, there was a light pole. I reached there and checked if the bicycle tires are flat but the tires were perfect. I didn't think for another second and just sped away towards the place where my friends asked to meet. As I was riding now, I didn't feel that unusual stuff. Upon reaching, I told them that my cycle chain fell off from the sprocket midway. I never told them what actually happened because I felt that it could be the talk of my class the very next day.

Scary Experience- 3/3

Girl on the bridge

I was in 6th Std if I am not wrong. My school time use to end at 4.10 pm and I used to reach home at 4.30 pm.  After eating some light food at 5 pm, I used to watch TV and then pack my bag for tuition classes. That particular day I reached tuition late. As a punishment the late you come and the late you go. An apt analogy for alone you come alone you go home. 

My town had a good forest cover inside the Orient cement factory compound so much so that it seems that the town was built around the jungle. Needless to say, this was the only company to win the environment award in the year 2003 in India.

Coming to the point, it was already 10 pm in the night, and all my friends left at 9 pm. I thought of taking the shortcut through this wooden bridge that was only used by cyclists and walkers during the daytime. When I reached the bridge, to my shock I saw a little girl in a blue skirt, a red hair band. She felt tensed. The first thing that came to my mind was, why the hell is that girl there at late night. I thought her parents might be somewhere around and she just got lost while playing. I approached her and asked why are you here now and where is your mom. She said she has lost her ball and her mother is at home cooking dinner. She said her mother would scold her if she didn't get the ball.

I didn't understand what is happening but felt like the problem is the ball. I asked her where did you see it last. She showed me thick bushes nearby. I dared to walk 10 ft in the bushes and actually found the ball but it was torn half of it was stuck in the earth as if it was there for many months or years. I turned back to ask her if this is the ball and there was no one. I was shivering with fear and got frozen for a minute and felt she is watching me and the next step I take I am gonna die. But the impulse action triggered and I ran towards home. I reached home but till I reached I felt that it was my last day.

Quote Compilation ( Few Of my Quotes)

I write quotes occasionally. Here are few of my quotes; 24 to say, in number. Please read and comment. It would motivate me a lot to write more. Do share and subscribe.

Read Time- 4:30 Min

Daily Life English (Only for Marathi speakers)

The rough compilation below is the handwritten notes of few of my fellow juniors during college whom I taught in free time. Since from the archives of 2016, I tried to put the snapshots in an organised format. The content contains only the words and sentences that are mostly needed while conversation. Do share and subscribe.

The Engineering Fresher

Journey till the End of the Final Year of Engineering. The Dilemma that hovers around in the space of happenings and imagination. The year that parts you from your friends and leads you to an unknown world to find the stability as known by the society.

If you like to prepare for joining MNC companies, you can click on the below link. You can continue reading, the link would open in a new window.

Click here- Preparation Material for Freshers

Keeping it to the point, let's have a quick have quick walkthrough of what is necessary and what's not. 

Topics covered below are:

1. Skills needed
2. Job Search/Entrepreneurship
3. Language Proficiency
4. Better Decisions
5. Tuition/Coaching
6. Resume/CV
7. Interview

Skills Needed:

Skills play a major role in getting you a job. There are lakhs of Engineers produced every year against limited opportunities in the work sector. To differentiate the candidates, the companies use a widely known filter the Tier. Tier 1 institutions comprise IITs, NITs, BITS, Institutes of National Importance. Tier 2 refers to the state-level government Engineering colleges, Deemed Universities, New IITs, and NITs. Tier3 are all the regional Engineering colleges.

Companies prefer students from Tier1 and Tier2 institutions the most as they are skilled in what they have learned. 

To know what you lack as a skill and learn it:

1. Check the resumes on the internet of graduates from reputed colleges 
2. If you don't get one, check on LinkedIn. You could easily know the skills of any person that you want. If you are lucky, you could see resumes attached to their profile (they would have attached for visibility)
3. If you read a journal or research paper, read just one but do it thoroughly enough that you stumble upon a few points. Note it down wherever you get doubts. I did this while I was in college. I asked a few questions through mail to a Ph.D. scholar from Canada when I read her research paper in the journal from our college library. This way you get more insight and confidence in doing stuff.
4. List down all the skills you need from point #1 and point #2. Everything is for free. Learn from youtube, NPTEL, visit a workshop or industry, etc.
5. If you do the above, you are skilled enough to stand the competition.

Job Search/Entrepreneurship:

Although I am new to Entrepreneurship, I can say a few points about it though.

However, let's start with how to search for a job opportunity as per my personal experience.

During the 4 years that you spend in college, do a ritual.

The ritual is about collecting contacts wherever you go.

Be connected to them on Fb/Whatsapp/Telegram/LinkedIn/Instagram any of those.

Register for exams like 

AMCAT, eLitmus

You could get a call letter based on your performance in the exam.

Online job portals:

Create a profile on job portals like 

naukri.com, monster.com

Important note: Be active on these portals and be up to date every day. This might help your profile get filtered in the priority list chosen by HRs.

There's a reason why candidates from Tier3 colleges get a salary below 15k/month as a fresher.

According to the Government of India, companies have to bear the responsibility of compensating the family or dependants of the employee if the employee's salary is above 15k/month. This comes under the EPF (Employment Provident Fund) of GoI. Hence the reason for a typical salary of below 15k.

Few companies offer a tender to contractors who employ engineers on behalf of the company. As the work depends on the contractor, the salary is given on a contract basis. That means you would receive no salary slip from the company for the period you are working on a contract basis.

Most companies consider monthly salary slips as proof of experience when one plans to switch from one company to another.

Entrepreneurship:

If you are well to do, you are good to start your own business. There are tons of resources for your help.

Many entrepreneurs have learned from the company they worked in and started successful businesses.

I would suggest starting small and growing large. If the idea is strong enough, you could approach Angel Investors, Venture Capitalists, Investors.

If you don't have the capital for investment, you could use your skill if you are good at painting, coding, animation, and being a freelancer. Few of the freelancing websites are freelancer.com, upwork.com, fiverr.com, etc

You could start a blog, vlog, or youtube channel and monetize it.

Investing in Mutual Funds and Stock Market is another best option. Presently, just 20 million people in India invest in the Share Market. You are good to go if you learn and invest.

Language Proficiency:

Communication is the key to success. 

Let's see how language changed the whole world.

It was the day when Russia (then USSR) sent the world's first satellite into space in the year1957.

As we know of the cold war between the US and the Soviet Union. The US was shocked by space supremacy after the Soviets launched the satellite into space. It took a quick step to change its Visa policy and invite all the global talent to the US. As English is a widely spoken language the US benefitted with strategy while Russia and its Russian language could not implement such a plan. Hence we now know what is called the USA- the superpower of the world.

Good English communication is a must. Since we haven't developed our regional languages with technical terminologies, we have to be clear that the only language of corporate communication is English.

How to improve English?

You could improve your English by not speaking but listening to it first. This is how you learned your mother tongue when you were a child. I will share my strategy with how I learned.

I used to watch a clip of Hollywood movies with subtitles and then try to listen to the same by repeating the clip without subtitles.

I also recommend you to watch 'Rachel's English' youtube channel. 3 months is more than sufficient if you just have one video per day.

Better Decision:

A better decision-maker plans his way considering threats and opportunities.

Many a student find it difficult in making the right decision.

It's usually seen that the government job aspirants spend a good time preparing for competitive exams after their engineering. Few grab the seat while others keep on learning. In this phase, they get emotionally drained and the confidence doesn't drive them as it used to in their initial days of preparation. This happens because of the family expectations, financial challenges, time gap. 

This is a situation where you do not actually do not know if to continue preparation or join a company as a fresher. The latter option doesn't impress you or the plan of studying further.

If you are from a middle-class family better go with your job. Join a company as a fresher, gain some experience. In free time learn about the exams, topper's strategy, preparing on weekends (also enjoy by going out and watching movies)

In research, it was found that while doing a challenge 15% of the credit goes to the hard work while 85% of the share goes to confidence in your success.

If you are already an experienced candidate, you can switch to a company after a short break from your exams. There is no do-or-die situation. You will be fully confident to crack the examination.

Tuition/Coaching classes:

There is a big reason to discuss this point at least from a personal point of view.

There is no need for any sort of tuition classes during your engineering at all. 

Have you seen American/British students going to tuition classes? Never!

Most of the schools do not give assignments for home. So the students keep their books in school and go with a book or two to school every day.

The reason why tuition classes are famous in India is:

The competition between parents across the street.

Harvard University research says that 95% of Indians do not have self-confidence in what they do.

This is the reason Indians do not win medals in Olympics, Olympiads, Oscars, etc.

Sharing my own story,

I have scored 1/25 marks in Mathematics while I was in Std 8th in school. In 10th Std, I turned it to 98/100 in the SSC Examination. Earlier I wasn't able to write a simple sentence in English correctly. But that's not the case now. I forgot the mugged-up speeches on the stage several times. Now I am on my own to deliver a speech. The only thing in my mind is to be self-reliable. Even the seminars, projects during Engineering are my own research topics and not copied from the Internet. I could proudly say that. I haven't gone to any tuition classes ever. I used to think if I understand what is written and had online resources then what's the need. The only problem could be English if I don't understand textbooks.

I would suggest you gift a book or gift an online course to a poor kid. If you are interested and love what you do, you do not need tuition. If you are not happy, doesn't matter what you earn all your life coz happiness is the wealth of mind.

Resume/CV:

To the point-

• Don't add more colors and unwanted designs to your resume. For you, it may belong period of hard work but to HR it's just another Resume so he has to understand your content easily.
• Do not write Resume on the Resume
• It is not necessary to mention certification if you are good at some skills. Please keep a copy if you have mentioned it just in case.
• Do not write your name in large fonts. It should not seem like you are claiming your property.
• The cover letter is good but optional.
• If you are attending an Interview in some metro city, mention your friend's or relative's address from Pune. HRs have a tendency to underestimate candidates from remote areas without evaluation.
• Experienced candidates usually prefer CVs. Freshers can also use it.
• Try to keep a sequence: academics, skills, projects, extracurricular. A good record in academics shows you have the ability, skills to show that you have enhanced your ability, projects show how you applied your enhanced abilities in a real-life scenario. Extracurricular gives a picture that you are enthusiastic and have confidence.

Interview:

DOs-

• Always keep resume printout handy. Do not rush for print just before the interview.
• Iron your clothes.
• Take some juice/ready-to-eat items with you. It takes longer than expected. Sometimes interviewers do it intentionally to test your patience.
• Be what you are.
• If the interviewer misses asking question-related about something you are good at, ask his permission and let him/her know that you have that added skill as well.
• If the interviewer asks you if you have any questions to ask, do ask.
• Be confident and communicate well. Most of the HRs have columns in their sheet for confidence and communication. Do not relate communication with fluency. Communication is if you are able to explain what you intended to express to the interviewer.

DONTs-

• There is no predefined way of introducing yourself. Do not mug up your introduction.
• Do not wear a blazer to an interview unless you are a business studies graduate.
• If it's raining heavily or you have a wound on your leg, do not wear shoes. Kindly inform the reason.
• Keep your mobile phone on silent mode or flight mode (not on vibrating mode) 
• Do not blindly believe the person who has been interviewed just before you.
• Do not mention the expected salary in the interview if you are fresher.

That's All Folks!

Have a great day

If you have any queries or suggestions, please write to me at

kiran.elkunchwar@engineer.com

Whatsapp: +917219620777

Connect to me on LinkedIn:

https://www.linkedin.com/in/kieron-elkunchwar-101431115

Subscribe to my blog for more updates:

theschoolx.blogspot.com

The Share Market - Layman's Language

 Stocks and Mutual Funds

The Share Market: 

Let's assume company Hero MotoCorp requires capital (money) from public to make products. The profit/loss on your investment into their company depends on their profit/loss in the market

Stocks:

Penny Stocks:

You lend money to your friend. The chances of getting your money back is 50%, depends if he is honest or not. Similarly few companies might go bankrupt and you could lose all your money due to internal disorganized structure of the company. The chances of gaining profit is below 5% in this. These are generally penny stocks.

For Example:

1) VI ( Vodafone Idea ), the company already running in debt and lost millions of customers to Airtel and Jio. The share price is below 10 ₹ as of now.

2) Ballarpur Paper Industries ( BILT), Chandrapur. - This company used to export paper to America for dollar currency notes a long time ago. Now it has lost it's charm and business. Hence it's share price hovers around 1.10 - 1.15 ₹ and is a penny stock.

Midcap and Large cap Industries:

Since these follow disciplined financial practices and are market proven, there shares are time tested.

As we lend money to the person only after knowing his background history and the current situation. Same goes with you buying the shares.

Mutual Funds:

You lend money to your 5 friends to invest in their respective businesses with a condition that they would share a portion of profit/loss after sale; 

5 Friends: Akash, Bubbly, Chandu, Daisy, Evan

Akash, Bubbly are rich and have good profitable businesses

Chandu and Daisy are okayish rich with profit good enough to speak of.

Evan's business is seasonal.

Now we could categorize as:

Akash, Bubbly: Large cap funds (named A fund)

Chandu and Daisy: Mid cap funds (named B fund)

Evan: Small cap funds (named C fund)

While A fund would definitely give profit (far better than typical FD in bank), there needs a long term investment generally.

Same goes with Fund B (medium to long term investment)

Fund C might bear fruits in short term but not good for long term as it gets affected by the market climate.

Difference between stocks and mutual funds:

While in stocks you lend money to Akash 1000 ₹, if he loses you definitely lose money.

In Mutual funds, you lend money to Fund A (Akash, Bubbly) 1000 ₹ i.e., 500 ₹ each. Suppose Akash has a lose of 10% and Bubbly is in profit of 20% , you are in profit of 20-10= 10% overall on 1000 ₹.

Pic for reference:

As RBI is increasing the limit for tap and pay through card transactions from 1st Jan 2021 and SBI is a public company high chances there would be surge in share price.

As Yes bank's management has been changed and the stake is bought by other banks with good records. It has shown a steady growth and will hopefully come into mainstream again.

Below is the screenshot for reference:

You could see that the return in 2 Days is ₹ 431 as Yes bank share price increased from ₹15 to ₹19 per share.

Investment:

Pros:

1. The interest on Mutual Funds gets compounded annually. That means if for the first year you get 10% interest on 1000 ₹ it becomes 1100 ₹ at year end. For the second year, you will get 10% interest on 1100 ₹ so on and so forth.
2. Investing in Stocks and Mutual funds restricts you from over spending, that's a double benefit.
3. People lost jobs during pandemic as their companies couldn't afford to pay salaries. This is because they didn't have money due to no sales. IT employees constitute 4 Million people in India and the people who have money could invest money in share market. Then companies would get money to run businesses and they will employ the people again. So in short it is also a social work.
4. You would get addicted to earning.
5. The reason we don't get this in school is; we have been taught to get job being in comfort zone rather than taking calculated risk and be creative. So you would learn more while growing into share market sector.

Cons:

1. "Mutual Funds are subject to Market risk" - as the saying goes. Market risk depends on unprecedented incidents such as

• National Emergency
• Financial Depression
• Pandemic
• Inflation
• Over dependency on brokers
• Poor learning on investments   

      2. There is a saying in stock market: "People with money gain experience and People with                           experience gain money". Start small therefore even if it seems silly. 

Investing in US Stock Markets:

In the next 5 years, it would not be uncommon for Indian people investing in US Stocks markets.

Pros:

1. US Stocks market (NYSE and NASDAQ) are the largest stock markets in the world.
2. They have outperformed Indian stocks market in the last 10 years.
3. RBI permits resident Indians to invest up to 250,000 $ annually.
4. You could buy 1/10000th part of a share i.e., you could buy tesla share for 5 ₹. However the minimum investment is 5 $ around.
5. ICICI Bank account holders can invest directly through online portal. Whereas other bank customers have to visit their home branch and submit the form in person to deposit the money.
6. US Brokerage account can be linked easily through apps: Vested and Winvesta
7. If the Indian rupee falls against the dollar, you gain.
8. Any disturbance in Indian economy would not affect the investment as it is in US brokerage account.
9. The apps also provide multi currency accounts.

Cons:

1. Unless you are investing large it's not worthy enough. The flat fee for deposit is 1700 ₹ (ICICI Bank) and withdrawal charges is 35$ through Winvesta; 11$ through Vested. The banks would soon reduce these charges by large if they see people investing. This could probably happen in next 3 years.

Below is the screenshot for reference:

Assuming that you invested 5000 ₹ in Dec. 2019 (1$ = 73.57 ₹ today), you would have earned 44.071 ₹ by Dec.2020. 

**** End of Document ****

This is a personal research and the screenshots are of my accounts. I am yet to invest in US stocks however. As per my opinion, people would lose money in Nikola (for sure) and should gain in American Airlines.

As a saying goes and I quote:

"People in general do not fear of losing! They fear instead of losing self respect".

Wish a prosperous life by making it :). Write to me your experiences and value points.

Let's share knowledge.

Do write to me at

kiran.elkunchwar@engineer.com